Where does the value of ‘value-added’ pharmaceuticals come from?

Where does the investment value of target prices come from?

Equity analysts’ target price can be decomposed into two components: the earnings forecast and the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio forecast, with the former containing shortterm earnings news and the latter containing news about long-term earnings growth and discount rates. Using a large database of target prices from 1997 to 2004, we document that both components are important in driving target ...

Where is the Value in Value-Added Modeling? White Paper

The Added Value of Value Added Tax

Raising domestic tax revenues is a priority for most sub-Saharan African countries. But the tax bases in most African countries are undermined by widespread tax avoidance and evasion. A new study from CMI supports the claim that improved knowledge about the tax system makes a difference in people’s willingness to pay tax. The study shows that exposure to Value-AddedTax (VAT) makes people take a...

Where Does Compositionality Come From?

This paper builds on the insight of Lashley (1951) and Miller, Galanter, & Pribram (1960) that action and motor planning mechanisms provide a basis for all serially ordered compositional systems, including language and reasoning. It reinterprets this observation in terms of modern AI formalisms for planning, showing that both the syntactic apparatus that projects lexical meanings onto sentences...

Government: where does nutrition policy come from?

In order to answer the question in the title, I will spend a little time simply describing structures within Government Departments in the UK which deal with nutrition, and how they interact with other Government Departments and Divisions and outside agencies. However, there is a simple and short answer to the question. Policy on any issue in a Government Department is determined by Ministers. ...